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| FYI: Science Policy News from AIP |
| THIS WEEK |
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| What’s Ahead |
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| Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo speaks at a 2022 event in Ohio highlighting Intel’s investment in two new chip factories in the state. (Walden Kirsch / Intel Corporation) |
CHIPS Initiatives Get Checkup From Science Committee
The House Science Committee will hold a hearing on Tuesday to examine the Commerce Department’s progress in allocating the $50 billion the CHIPS and Science Act provided for semiconductor R&D and manufacturing incentives. The sole witness is Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo, who is appearing before the committee for the first time. The hearing charter previews potential lines of questioning, such as whether the department has adhered to “congressional intent” in implementing the subsidy programs. Committee Chair Frank Lucas (R-OK) criticized the department earlier this year for going beyond the act’s requirements by mandating that certain subsidy recipients guarantee their employees access to childcare services and by favoring companies that use unionized workers. The charter also highlights the impending formation of a nonprofit, public-private consortium that will manage the planned National Semiconductor Technology Center. The department recently granted a selection committee named this past summer an additional month, until the end of September, to pick the board members who will form and oversee that consortium.
Fusion Panel Reviewing International ‘Benchmarking’ Study
The Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee is meeting Monday to discuss a draft subcommittee report that examines U.S. fusion energy programs in their international context. The report finds the U.S. is an international leader in some areas but also identifies various gaps in capabilities that will require international collaboration to fill. For example, it notes the U.S. is the clear leader in inertial confinement fusion due to the success of the National Ignition Facility but argues the facility must remain open to international collaboration to maintain that leadership. The report also finds that while the U.S. leads in many areas of tokamak physics, it relies on international superconducting tokamaks to study long-pulse performance and lags Europe’s UK-based JET facility in burning plasma experiment capability. It further notes that the U.S. is behind Europe and Japan in some areas of stellarator physics due to a lack of domestic experiments, though it maintains leadership in other areas due to its strength in theory and computation. In addition, the report finds that the U.S. lacks capacity for developing and testing fusion technologies such as tritium fuel development and breeding blankets, gyrotron sources, and neutral beam technology.
Asteroid Sample Returning to Earth
On Sunday, NASA’s OSIRIS-REx (Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security Regolith Explorer) mission will deliver the sample it gathered from the asteroid Bennu in 2020, sending it in a parachute-equipped reentry capsule down to the desert of western Utah. The mission follows Japan’s two Hayabusa missions that respectively returned asteroid samples to Earth in 2010 and 2020. OSIRIS-REx is the third and most recent mission to launch through NASA’s New Frontiers program, which funds the most expensive planetary science missions that the agency selects through a competitive process. It was led by a team at the University of Arizona and has cost about $1 billion. Notably, its pre-launch development undershot its baseline cost estimate by about 20%. After dropping off its sample, the spacecraft will begin a new mission that NASA approved last year, continuing on to rendezvous with the asteroid Apophis as it passes close to Earth in 2029. When it begins this journey, the mission will take on the new designation OSIRIS-APEX (Apophis Explorer).
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| In Case You Missed It |
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| Aerial photo of the SLAC linear accelerator, which houses the LCLS laser. (Matt Beardsley / SLAC National Accelerator Lab) |
SLAC X-ray Laser Facility Completes Major Upgrade
The $1.1 billion Linac Coherent Light Source II project at SLAC National Accelerator Lab passed its “first light” milestone on Sept. 12, marking a leap in capabilities for LCLS, the only X-ray free electron laser user facility in the United States. Like synchrotron X-ray sources, XFELs are used to probe molecular and atomic structures but offer far brighter beams as well as ultrashort pulses that enable superior time resolution for studying dynamic phenomena. SLAC introduced the world’s first XFEL when it opened LCLS in 2009, and the upgrade adds a second X-ray laser employing 37 superconducting electron accelerator modules that are cooled to near absolute zero. The new laser is 10,000 times brighter than the original and has a pulse repetition rate 8,000 times faster, reaching a record-smashing one million flashes per second.
Work has already started on another upgrade, estimated to cost $710 million, that will add more accelerator modules to the new laser, more than doubling the energy of its X-rays. The follow-on upgrade will be needed to even approach the energy levels available at the European XFEL in Germany, a peer facility that started operating in 2017. However, the pulse repetition of the new LCLS laser is already roughly 40 times faster than what can currently be achieved there.
Huge Boost Sought for NASA Biological and Physical Sciences Division
The National Academies released its latest decadal survey for NASA’s Biological and Physical Sciences division on Sept. 12. The 350-page report identifies 11 key scientific questions for the division to delve into over the next 10 years and beyond. These questions are organized into three themes: adapting to space, living and traveling in space, and probing phenomena hidden by gravity or terrestrial limitations. However, the report argues that the division, which currently has an $85 million budget, is “severely underfunded” and needs a tenfold budget increase to build a “truly robust and resilient program that can meet the space exploration science needs of the nation.” The report suggests such a boost would be needed to support two major research campaigns it recommends: a “Biogenerative Life Support Systems” (BLiSS) campaign to support long-duration spaceflight, and a “Manufacturing Materials and Processes for Sustainability in Space” (MATRICES) campaign to reduce space waste by creating more sustainable materials and equipment. In addition, the report suggests pursuing a research “initiative” on the potential quantum aspects of gravitational fields and spacetime as well as an uncrewed “free flyer” vehicle concept that could expose living organisms and engineered materials to orbital conditions for extended periods.
NSF Awards Latest Cohort of Physics Frontier Centers
The National Science Foundation announced four Physics Frontiers Centers awards last week. The new Center for Living Systems at the University of Chicago is receiving $21 million over six years and will focus on how matter is able to store and retrieve information as well as the physical properties that contribute to evolutionary adaptation and the shape and motion of cells, tissues, and organs. The other three awards are for existing centers: $14 million for the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter at Caltech, $22 million for the Center for Ultracold Atoms at MIT, and $25 million for the Center for Comprehension and Control of Emerging Complexity at the Quantum Frontier at the University of Colorado Boulder. NSF now supports a total of eight Physics Frontiers Centers, which bring together large teams of researchers at universities.
Ceren Susut to Lead DOE Advanced Computing Program
The Department of Energy announced last week that Ceren Susut will be the new head of the Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program within the Office of Science. Susut has worked in the program for 12 years, and, according to the department, was instrumental in establishing the office’s network of National Quantum Information Science Research Centers. She has been serving as the acting head of ASCR since January, following the retirement of its previous leader, Barbara Helland. Susut takes over the program as its effort to build two exascale computers winds down and attention turns towards its next steps, which advocates in DOE’s national labs hope will include a major initiative in artificial intelligence.
NASA Panel Seeks Rigor and Respect for ‘Anomalous’ Phenomena Studies
NASA released a report last week from an independent study panel that recommends NASA play a key role in a Defense Department-led effort to track and explain unidentified anomalous phenomena, pointing to the relevance of the agency’s expertise and its “global reputation for scientific openness.” The panel, chaired by astrophysicist David Spergel, does not rule out that some UAP could be of extraterrestrial origin but labels such explanations a “hypothesis of last resort.” The panel emphasizes that UAP studies are primarily of interest because of threats they might pose to national security and aerospace safety. The panel also criticizes the stigma around UAP studies, noting that some panel members were subjected to online ridicule and more generally that scientists are often warned against participating in projects such as the search for extraterrestrial technosignatures. At an event marking the report’s release, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson announced the agency’s appointment of a director of UAP research, in accord with one of the report’s recommendations. The agency initially refused to identify the person appointed, citing the danger of harassment, but relented hours later, stating it is meteorologist Mark McInerney.
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| Upcoming Events |
All times are Eastern Daylight Time, unless otherwise noted. Listings do not imply endorsement. Events beyond this week are listed on our website.
Monday, September 18
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Know of an upcoming science policy event either inside or outside the Beltway? Email us at fyi@aip.org.
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| Opportunities |
AIP Accepting Applications for Congressional Fellowships
Applications are open for the American Institute of Physics’ Congressional Fellowship Program, which places scientists in congressional offices for one year. Applicants must have a doctorate in physics or a closely related field and must be a member of an AIP Member Society. Scientists at all career levels are encouraged to apply. Applications are due Dec. 1.
NSB Seeking Nominees for Science and Society Award
The National Science Board is accepting nominations for its Science and Society Award. The award honors “individuals and groups that have made substantial contributions to increasing public understanding and appreciation of science and engineering in the United States.” Nominations are due Sept. 29.
NASA Hiring Director for Roman Space Telescope
Know of an opportunity for scientists to engage in science policy? Email us at fyi@aip.org.
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